Since 1948, with the triumphant advance of People's Liberation Army, many big and medium-sized cities across the country have been liberated in succession. How to accept and manage these cities is becoming an issue that needed to be addressed as a matter of urgency. Based on the complicated situations in the new liberated cities, the Central Committee of CPC, which was led by Mao Zedong at that time, absorbing and drawing lessons from other regions decided to implement military control system and set up military control committee. Although the existence of military control system was in a short time, the study of its historical background, basic content and historical significance can provide valuable experience for the construction of socialist modernization