The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has recently proposed that the promotion of building a human community of shared destiny and a new form of human civilization are the essential requirements of Chinese modernization， which further enriches the connotation of Chinese modernization. Historical materialism scientifically reveals the law of the evolution and development of human civilization. Based on historical materialism， the new form of human civilization is understood to be intrinsically related to the old form of civilization and fundamentally different from the capitalist form of civilization， so as to explore the scientific connotation of the new form of Chinese modern civilization and the choice for its future development.