Engels expounded the thought of ecological governance based on historical materialism in his Dialectics of Nature.He addressed the ecological problems from the three aspects of "production，society，and thought"andlaunched a comprehensive criticism against capitalism. His ecological governance idea contains three dimensions：production tools，social system and ecological ethics.This thought has been practiced in contemporary China.It not only provides a Chinese plan for the progress of the world，but also provides a Chinese road for the development of Marxism.Reviewing the Dialectics of Nature will help deepen the understanding of China''s current achievements in ecological governance and promote its development.