As China''s economy and society enter the post-poverty alleviation era，preschool education in ethnic minority areas will open a new anti-poverty journey. After the implementation of the "one village，one kindergarten" project in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture，Sichuan Province，preschool education has developed rapidly，and the number of preschool teachers has been effectively increased，but the stability of teachers still faces great challenges. The survival status of the teacher profession is related to whether the teacher can "retain and teach safely". The professional survival status of teachers in "One village，One kindergarten" is faced with： the game of professional enthusiasm and real life； unclear identity and confused future； low salary and lack of security； and the dilemma of difficult environmental conditions. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period，the construction of the preschool teacher team in Liangshan Yi District needs to be positioned and designed from the institutional stance，treatment stance，professional stance and cultural stance，and through the signing of labor contracts in accordance with the law，the responsibilities and rights of the employment period are clarified； the actual establishment and salary social security policies are formulated； training opportunities and funding are provided； and the role of traditional Yi family education is brought into play to form a healthy and long-term education poverty alleviation mechanism.