The newly revised act on the protection of seniors’rights and interests has for the first time clearly stipulated the elder guardianship system, however, the practice of the system needs further study based on the reality and the national conditions. Some relevant rules in The General Civil Law stipulate the neighborhood committees’ guardianship responsibilities under certain circumstances, yet there are no rules on elder guardianship in communities. By visiting and investigating communities, the author has made it clear that the functions of the communities and the construction of some relevant mechanisms are necessary to the effective practice of the elder guardianship system. By defining and comparing the concepts of providing for the elder and the elder guardianship in communities, the present thesis purports to analyze the current situation of the elder guardianship in communities and its effect, and thus proposes the way to construct the mechanism of elder guardianship in communities and its working mode.