Building the harmonious socialism is an internal request to build a rich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmonious and modern nation,which is a long-run hard project and involves many factors,e.g.the social culture,the democracy,the legal system,the labors'quality,the economic basis,the natural environment,etc.This article mainly analyzes the relation between the harmonious society and the democratic and legal system,and the economic development,the social mind,the traditional morals,the working environment,the personal responsibility as well.