From the beginning to May Fourth Movement, especially in May Fourth Movement era, the Esperanto movement in China developed rapidly, but didn' t attain the goal of the May Fourth Movement pioneers. There are three reasons for its success: the requirement of that society, the merits of Esperanto, and the good for the common ideal of human being. Also, there are three reasons for the failure: The first is the reasonable existence of Chinese character and it is impossible for Esperanto to substitute Chinese character; the second is not long time of Esperanto in China and Chinese don't know it well; the third is no coincidence of the aim of Esperanto people.