The coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization shows the parallel development and innovation of Chinese modernization development theory and practice. Follow the vertical spatial axis, analyze the evolution process of the coordinated development of the "two civilizations" together with the changes in the four dimensions of the era background, basic national conditions, development concepts and the overall layout of modernization. It shows that the Chinese modernization theory has gradually formed a scientific theory through continuous inheritance and innovation in the process of guiding practice and responding to the development tasks and demands of different historical stages. The "two civilizations" have always adhered to and applied the Marxist standpoint, viewpoints and methods to observe, analyze and lead the Chinese-style modernization, showing the internal connection between the two. At the same time, the coordinated development of the "two civilizations" has practiced the new development concept on the basis of the new development stage, and made innovative breakthroughs in the Chinese modernization theory from the four aspects of new development goals, new requirements, new deployment and new roads.