Based on the data from FAO database and China Potato Net Data Center, we adopt descriptive statistics method to analyze the contribution of potato industry to the poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken mountainous regions and the crisis this industry faces. After analyses of the outstanding comparative advantages of potato in these regions, the guarantee of local food security, its contribution to local farmers' poverty alleviation and income increase, and the promotion of local agricultural transformation and upgrading, this paper discusses the problems the current potato industry faces: the depressed consumption market, the sharply fluctuating market price, the low ratio of potato processed, the short industry chain, the increasingly saturated market demand, and the phased supply of excess crisis. Then we proposed the following solutions: to make efforts to extend the industrial chain, to strengthen the potato series of finished products processing, to upgrade the food consumption to the nutritional consumption, to promote the industrial transformation from quantity expansion to the quality upgrading, to focus on the cultivation of new-style agricultural management bodies to foster the construction of the potato transportation system in mountainous regions, and actively organize the potato food cultural festival, etc.