Abstract::" Qiong" is an ancient name of a minority group in southwest China, as well as an ancient name of place. Qiong people′s hard work in the Qin and Han dynasties played an important historical role in the opening and operation of the ancient southern silk road in China. Based on the historical accounts of " Qiong" in the pre-Qin to Han dynasties, this pa ̄ per investigates the role of " Qiong" in the ancient southern silk road. Qiong, centering around the city of Qiong, was the initial development area of southern silk road, provides necessary human and material resources for the opening and pas ̄ sage of southern silk road, and also played a pivotal role in transportation, trade, cultural exchanges, national mergence, regional management and ethnic relationship enhancement. Its historical credits should never be underestimated, since its historical impact goes far beyond economic and trade exchanges to provide experience and reference for the grand construc ̄ tional strategy of “belt and road” in modern China, which bears profound cultural value and contemporary significance. Keywords:Qiong; Qiong city; the southern silk road