The teaching effectiveness of ideological and political theory in colleges is the key to the success of college students' ideological and political education. In recent years, the effectiveness of the ideological and political theory teaching in our country has been significantly improved, but there are still many problems in the actual operation. Through the investigation and analysis of an ordinary university in Gansu Province, it is found that there are serious problems in the teaching of ideological and political theory such as the students' knowledge not enough, the allocation of school hours unreasonable, and the teaching content too theoretical and the teaching methods simple and so on.