After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, in order to further implement the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, to adapt to the requirements of socialist construction in the new period and the population situation, China's population theory made a major adjustment, breaking the population theory forbidden zone, for the relationship between population and economic and social development made new explanation, and initially put forward the Chinese characteristic socialism population theory point of view. Restore basic train of thought and the development of Marxist Population view and Mao Zedong's thought and correct the traditional socialist concept of population of misunderstanding, lay the important foundation for the formation of the theory of the population in the new era.