Abstract：The opium was overflew during Qing Dynasty and Republic of China in Sichuan ,which had much influence on the Sichuan society. Over the past three decades, the academic circles acquire certain of achievements about researching on the；chuan opium problem. Seen from the time, which was inclined to Republic of China; Seen from the area, which was inclined to researching on the all Sichuan; Seen from the content, which was inclined to researching on the Sichuan opium-banning during Republic of China .In a word,lacking of case studies in Sichuan during Qing Dynasty. Luckily Nanbu Archives preserved abundant historical data about the opium,which provided possibility for researching on opium problem about Nanbu county during Qing Dynasty