The “Prisoner＇ s Dilemma” indicates the conflict between the individual rationality and the collective rationality. Because the solution for conflict has transaction expense, the reality practice certainly cannot completely depend upon “the Invisible Hand-by Smith” to spontaneously reach the harmony between the individual rationality and the collective rationality. The harmonious society construction needs to emphasize mutual cooperation mechanism in competition foundation. This kind of mechanism requests to enlarge the government＇ s system supplies, and needs each social stratification to carry on the institutional innovation.