Economic interests, democratic rights , rights and interests of enjoying social insurance of the peasants of China of the present age have not been realized and respected fully, which has been an important factor influencing the reform ,development and a stable government of our country. There are historical and real factors, subjective and objective factors that caused the above question. Our Party and Government must pay attention to rights and interests of the peasants of China, and improve the reform of economic system, political system, and social system of the countryside actively and stably, so as to practically change the government functions and the work styles of cadres, and to use the systems and laws to protect and realize rights and interests of the peasants of China.