The language material of historical records has a unique characteristic and value. Its characteristic is manifested in many respects, such as elegant words, a wide range of words,using new words and vulgar;Its value is embodied in the study of method of building word,the editing of dictionary,the vocabulary study of Chinese Language from Tang to Qing, the study of vocabulary history by period, the study of related surname of father and son, the study of words that have same style but different meaning, etc. To study the language material of historical records thoroughly from the angle of linguistics will be helpful in raising the study level of vocabulary history of Chinese Language.