The Southern Silk Road, as a multidirectional and three-dimensional transportation network, is the core vehicle for ethnic cultural integration between Sichuan and Yunnan. With its long history, intricate route system, and unique pivotal status, this ancient road has constructed an important channel for material exchange, ethnic migration, and cultural interaction among ethnic groups in Sichuan and Yunnan, as well as a cultural corridor for the integration and symbiosis of multiple ethnic groups, facilitating comprehensive integration ranging from superficial material aspects to profound spiritual dimensions. The main paths through which the Southern Silk Road promoted this ethnic cultural integration include population mobility, commodity exchange, and cultural transmission. These three paths are coupled with each other, evolve collaboratively, and jointly construct a systematic whole of ethnic cultural integration in the Sichuan-Yunnan region.