Chinese modernization emphasizes harmony between humanity and nature,of which the modernization of agriculture and rural areas is a core component. Within this framework,rural revitalization serves as the overarching lever, ecological protection acts as the fundamental support,and high-quality development constitutes the implementation pathway.Together, these three elements form the practical connotation of the "Two Mountains" Theory in the new era.However,in some ecological governance practices guided by technological rationality,the "livelihood security" of environment-dependent groups is often relegated to a secondary position.This has created structural tension between conservation and development,hindering the construction of livable, business-friendly and harmonious villages.Based on Tim Ingold''s Dwelling Perspective,this study analyzes the case of Gusheng Village against the backdrop of Erhai Lake conservation and governance. The findings reveal twofold dynamics: on the one hand,local residents have negotiated human-environment relationships by relying on local knowledge and embodied practices,demonstrating the indigenous wisdom and endogenous resilience required for rural revitalization;on the other hand, cultural crises in rural society — such as the breakdown of intergenerational transmission of traditional skills,the erosion of mutual support networks,and the marginalization of ecological wisdom — have emerged as key bottlenecks restricting the high-quality development of rural areas. Therefore,future environmental governance should transcend the narrow engineering-centric paradigm, incorporate local knowledge,community participation and cultural continuity into core considerations, and strive for the simultaneous improvement of environmental quality and residents'' well-being. Only in this way can we truly promote the practical transformation of the "Two Mountains" Theory and achieve the sustainable development of the human-environment-society system.