Promoting the high-quality development of underdeveloped regions is an important measure to promote coordinated regional development and improve people''s well-being,which is related to the success of common prosperity and the process of Chinese-style modernization.Currently,underdeveloped areas are facing practical difficulties such as lack of scientific and technological innovation resources,lagging industrial transformation,shortage of new-type talents, weak infrastructure and ecological environment constraints,which have restricted the full release of new quality productivity and efficiency. As an advanced productive force modality that takes innovation as the core driver, the new quality productivity provides a new path for the underdeveloped regions to break through the bottleneck of traditional development through the four dimensions of technological innovation,talent drive,industrial upgrading,and institutional innovation.Build a cross-regional collaborative innovation ecosystem to facilitate the two-way flow of sci-tech resources;advance the digital and intelligent transformation of industries and establish a gradient industrial undertaking system;implement talent capacity-building initiatives and deepen industry-education integration;coordinate the construction of traditional and new infrastructure to consolidate the foundation for development;improve the ecological governance system and innovate green development models.It is emphasized that by virtue of government policy guidance,market mechanisms,and regional collaboration,we should give full play to the pivotal role of new quality productivity in boosting the high-quality development of less-developed regions,thereby providing strong support for Chinese-style modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.