In the contemporary world, the modernization process of human society is being dragged into a predicament by the notions of civilizational superiority, estrangement and conflict. The new outlook on civilization featuring equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness has provided a profound answer to how to break the predicament and open up new prospects. The Global Civilization Initiative, which is based on this new outlook on civilization, is an important part of both Xi Jinping Thought on Culture and Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. It has achieved structural aggregation in terms of generative logic, action logic and historical logic, and realized integration and efficiency enhancement at the practical level. To properly handle the relationship between China and the world, we should build an implementation mechanism for the Global Civilization Initiative, promote the integration of international communication and public diplomacy, and the integration of intergovernmental cultural cooperation and global governance reform, so as to continue to promote cultural exchanges and mutual learning.