In recent years, student bullying has increasingly become a critical social issue that undermines campus safety and violates the rights and interests of minors. Currently, challenges persist in judicial practice, including the tension between the principle of restraint and the principle of safeguarding legal interests, the disparity between restorative justice theory and its practical application, and the absence of a coordinated accountability mechanism for multi-stakeholder governance. This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework of "legal interest infringement - responsibility stratification - recovery mechanism" to systematically assess the harmfulness of bullying behavior. Furthermore, based on the阶段性 characteristics of bullying incidents, this study proposes to establish a vertical early warning and response system, complemented by a horizontal education and guidance mechanism, with the objective of preventing bullying behaviors as effectively as possible and minimizing their adverse consequences, thereby enhancing the judicial pathways for addressing student bullying.