Utilizing abandoned farmland to develop high-quality agriculture is one of the effective ways to optimize agricultural land resources and reduce the quantity of abandoned farmland. This paper first describes the basic status quo of national farmland abandonment, discusses the existing policies for developing high-quality agriculture on abandoned farmland, and makes appropriate adjustments to the current land policy, fiscal policy, financial policy, technology policy, human resource policy, and agricultural insurance policy based on the practical needs of developing high-quality agriculture and reducing abandoned farmland. It then further explores the mechanisms of policy thrust, institutional thrust, and market pull, and constructs a dynamic mechanism to promote the development of high-quality agriculture on abandoned farmland. Finally, from the perspective of local governments, it proposes pathways to promote the development of high-quality agriculture on abandoned farmland.