With continuously deepening urbanization, "village-to-residence"communities have emerged as typical transitional communities in the transformation from rural to urban areas.In this process,these communities face multiple challenges, such as institutional reconstruction,spatial transformation, and social relationship restructuring.In particular,the social adaptation problems of the elderly have become increasingly prominent.As an important theoretical framework for studying the daily behaviors of social members,ethnomethodology''s core concepts-indexicality,reflexivity,and accountability-provide tools for analyzing the specific dilemmas of the elderly in "village-to-residence" transformation communities in terms of physical environment adaptation,social relationship restructuring,and lifestyle transformation.The practice of the Project R in Community D shows that the professional intervention of social work plays a positive role in three dimensions:constructing situational meaning,promoting the mutual construction of order,and enhancing accountable expression,providing theories and practice models for improving the service system for the elderly in "village-to-residence" transformation communities.