The digital transformation of education has a significant contribution to the construction of a learning society and a learning country with lifelong learning for all, but it also has a significant impact on ideological and political education, especially on the ideological and political education in colleges and universities. The digitalization of education has opened up a new field of ideological and political education in colleges and universities while opening up a new track of educational development. Under the influence of algorithmic constraints and "digital divide", ideological and political education in colleges and universities is facing the challenges of spatial virtualism, technological suppression, and literacy divide, which increase the difficulty of solidifying, expanding and strengthening ideological and political education in colleges and universities. We should seek countermeasures to comprehensively solve the problems of ideological and political education in colleges and universities from the aspects of promoting digital ideological and political education to promote the integration of virtual and real positions, strengthening technical precision to avoid algorithmic bias, and improving digital literacy to enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education.