From the perspective of the "New Liberal Arts", exploring the theoretical logic, practical difficulties, and promotion strategies of digital transformation in economics teaching in universities is of great significance for improving education quality, promoting educational equity, and optimizing talent cultivation. On the basis of analyzing the connotation of digital transformation in college economics teaching, the paper takes the economics major as an example to comprehensively analyze the theoretical logic of digital transformation in university teaching from five aspects: concept motives, goal orientation, data assistance, platform empowerment, and mode regulation. Subsequently, the current challenges faced by the digital transformation of economics teaching in universities were analyzed from eight aspects: teaching philosophy, teaching organization, teacher-student interaction, student initiative, educational function, applicability of technology and practice, cultivation of critical thinking and data-oriented mind, and data integration. Finally, the promotion strategies for the digital transformation of economics teaching in universities are proposed from six aspects: teaching philosophy, teaching modes, teaching platforms, data integration, education mechanism, and talent cultivation.