The path of modernization pioneered by Western capitalist societies has endogenous limitations in the field of ecological construction. In order to realize the substantive transformation of the relationship between man and nature, it is necessary to carry out revolutionary changes at both the social and ecological levels at the same time. Xi Jinping''s idea of ecological civilization is different from the ecological concepts dominated by Western capitalism in terms of value base, mode of thinking, and goals. It has realized the transformation of ecological mode of thinking from "dichotomy" to "dialectical unity" in thinking dimension, succeeded in abandoning the ecological value of "supremacy of profit" and reviving "humanism" in value dimension, transcended the ecological governance pattern of "unilateralism" and achieving "joint construction and sharing" in community dimension, and stridden across the path of ecological construction from the logic of capitalism and followed the logic of socialism in practice dimension. Xi Jinping''s thought on ecological civilization demonstrates China''s good governance of a harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature in consistency with global prosperity and development. China has embarked on a modern ecological civilization road different from the western governance, which is a new modernization theory fed back by China to the world.