There is a problem of farmers'' insufficient participation in the process of rural revitalization. The solution to this problem lies not only in providing farmers with external guarantees such as policies and systems but also in the full play of farmers'' principal roles with their self-development. Southwest China is faced with common and specified problems in its rural revitalization and farmers'' insufficient participation is the obvious one. Based on the analysis of two cases of rural revitalization in L Village, Cangyuan County, from internal and external aspects and with the theory of good governance, we find out six factors affecting farmers'' participation in rural revitalization and five optimizing strategies including promoting rural industrial development and setting up an interest network, improving farmers'' overall competence and cultivating professionalized farmers; raising farmers'' organizational level and strengthening their sense of responsibility, broadens channels for farmers'' participation and exert their principal roles, and safeguarding farmers'' legal rights and interests and promoting social fairness and justice.