Economic development practice cannot do without the guidance of economic thought. The history of China's regional economic thought has experienced several stages of evolution from "regional equilibrium", "regional imbalance", "regional coordination" and "regional concordance" to "regional synergy", closely combining with the feature and the demand of their times ,the Chinese communists have inherited the essence of Marx and Engels thoughts and have constantly explored, innovated and improved the regional economic development theory with great theoretical courage. The regional economic development ideas of the five generations collective leadership of the People's Republic of China not only have vein blood relationship which come down in one continuous line, but also have imprints of times which timely adjusted according to the actual economic and social development. On the basis of combing the new China's regional economic thought development, this paper will make a deep analysis of the new generations of collective leadership's inheritance and innovation on the Marxist regional economy theory, and give a further explanation to theory origins of the One Belt and One Road put forward by Chinese government .