As of February 2021, although my country has achieved a full victory in the fight against poverty and completed the arduous task of eradicating absolute poverty, there is still much to be done in building a mental health service system for rural residents. The significance of constructing this system is that it is an inevitable requirement for building a healthy China, an important indicator for building a well-off society in an all-round way, and an important content for realizing rural revitalization. In view of the current rural residents’ cognitive deficits, self-consciousness barriers, obvious negative emotions, and poor mental life and other psychological problems, it is necessary not only to clarify the reasons for these problems, but also to incorporate psychological poverty alleviation into the top-level design to guide the people to correctly understand Poverty, to further improve the individual personality of farmers and make more efforts to comprehensively consolidate and expand the results of poverty alleviation.