teaching ability is the core issue of teachers' professional development. Only when teachers' teaching ability is improved, their professional development can be improved continuously. The improvement of teaching ability of rural teachers in ethnic areas is related to the improvement of teaching quality in ethnic areas, which has an important impact on the education of the whole ethnic areas. Through the analysis of the difficulties and influencing factors in the promotion of rural teachers' teaching ability in ethnic minority areas, such as the lack of professional development motivation and awareness, the unimpeded promotion path and the incomplete content of teachers' teaching ability, this paper puts forward some effective practical paths, such as: stimulating the internal driving force of rural teachers' ability promotion in ethnic minority areas, designing the training content suitable for the trained teachers, and strengthening the national competitiveness In order to promote the professional development of rural teachers, it is necessary to improve the cultural response ability of rural teachers in minority areas and enhance their awareness of professional development.