The Annals of Xichang County in Republic of China period was an important local past record in the Liangshan region. In style and content, it inherited and innovated several Annals of Xichang County compiled in late Qing Dynasty. The Annals presented new categories under all records of geography, foodstuff, industry, political system, and education. The Annals' genre and category divisions are more scientific and reasonable, reflecting its practicality. In addition, the Annals of Xichang County in Republic of China period was added with Defense Preparations Record, Soldiers Record and Minority Nationality Record, which were related to Xichang County's geographical and political environment as well as to compilers' focuses on war and ethnic minorities. All these strongly reflected the local, nationality and times characteristics of Annals of Xichang County in the Republic of China period. It truly represented the social and economic conditions and social and historical changes of Xichang from late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, being an important and valuable historical document for studying the history of Xichang and the ethnic Yi people in Liangshan region.