Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, China has solved many complicated problems on the road to poverty alleviation, and gradually explored and found a road for poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics, from experiences of the "blood-transfusion" style with direct intervention relief, to the implementation of targeted alleviation according to needs, and to the implementation of precision poverty alleviation which has evolved into a poverty alleviation model with Chinese characteristics. The poverty alleviation practice helps to form and improve the poverty alleviation theory, which in turn guides and improves the poverty alleviation practice. A systematic study on China’s poverty alleviation through development and on approaches to the practice is of practical significance to the success of poverty alleviation in the new era.