Professional new farmers are critical to successful poverty alleviation and rural social and economic development in poverty-stricken regions, who directly decide the success or failure of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization endeavors. As an extremely impoverished region in China, Liangshan Prefecture mainly falls short of qualified professional farmers, and training quality professional farmers is an effective way to successful targeted poverty alleviation in this region. Our research topic, based on data collection, field survey and symposium by relevant parties, explores the significance, the status quo and the problems of the training of professional new farmers, and then proposes specific solutions, in the hope of providing decision basis and theory support for Liangshan's quality targeted poverty alleviation, its poverty relieved as planned, and its keeping pace with the country and the province in becoming moderately prosperous, and meanwhile, offers a reference for the training of professional new farmers for agricultural development in other places.